Tumor de vías excretoras urinarias superiores. Presentación de caso / Upper urinary excretory tract tumor. A case report

RESUMEN Los tumores del tracto urinario superior representan menos del 5 % de todas las neoplasias uroteliales, con un porcentaje de recurrencia superior al 90 % y una supervivencia a los 5 años que oscila entre el 30-60 %. Por tales razones se presenta el caso de un paciente de 79 años que fue ingresado en el Hospital General Universitario Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima de Cienfuegos, con un cuadro clínico caracterizado por hematuria, sin otra sintomatología. Mediante estudios imagenológicos le fue diagnosticado un tumor en la pelvis del riñón derecho. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico, practicándose una nefrectomía total, cuyo resultado histológico fue un carcinoma de células transicionales grado II con infiltración a planos musculares. La evolución clínica fue favorable luego de un año de la cirugía. Podemos concluir que en el diagnóstico precoz tienen un papel fundamental las imágenes tomográficas, pues permitieron identificar un tumor de las vías excretoras urinarias superiores en pelvis renal derecha. Se trazó una estrategia terapéutica inicialmente quirúrgica y a continuación quimioterapia; se logró una evolución satisfactoria y contribuir a la sobrevida de este paciente.

ABSTRACT Upper urinary tract tumors represent less than 5% of all urothelial neoplasms, with a recurrence rate greater than 90% and a 5-year survival that ranges from 30-60%. Therefore a 79-years-old patient was admitted to the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima University General Hospital in Cienfuegos, with a medical history characterized by hematuria, without other symptoms. Through imaging studies, he was diagnosed with a tumor in the pelvis of the right kidney. Surgical treatment was performed and a total nephrectomy was performed, the histological result of which was a grade II transitional cell carcinoma with infiltration to the muscular planes. The clinical evolution was favorable one year after surgery. We conclude that tomographic images play a fundamental role in early diagnosis, since they allowed the identification of a tumor of the upper urinary excretory tract in the right renal pelvis. A therapeutic strategy was initially designed for surgery and then chemotherapy; a satisfactory evolution was achieved and contributes to the survival of this patient.

Preoperative hydronephrosis predicts adverse pathological features and postoperative survival in patients with high-grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma

ABSTRACT Purpose: Epidemiological studies reported conflicting results about preoperative hydronephrosis in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative hydronephrosis and pathologic features and oncologic outcomes in patients with UTUC treated by radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study of 377 patients treated by RNU without perioperative chemotherapy between January 2001 and December 2014. Logistic regression, Cox regression, and survival analyses were performed. Results: Among the 226 patients with high-grade UTUC, 132 (58%) had preoperative hydronephrosis. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that hydronephrosis was independently associated with advanced pT stage (P=0.017) and lymph node or lymphovascular invasion (P=0.002). Median follow-up was 36 months (interquartile range: 20-48 months). The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates in patients with hydronephrosis were significantly lower than in those without hydronephrosis (both P <0.001). The 3- and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates in patients with hydronephrosis were significantly lower than in those without hydronephrosis (both P=0.001). Hydronephrosis was independently associated with OS and CSS (P=0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). Among the 151 patients with low-grade UTUC, hydronephrosis was not associated with pathologic features and postoperative survival. Conclusions: Preoperative hydronephrosis was significantly associated with adverse pathologic features and postoperative survival in patients with high-grade UTUC.

Evaluating the impact of preoperative anemia on the prognosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma following radical nephroureterectomy: A single-center retrospective study of 686 patients / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To identify the effect of preoperative anemia on the prognosis of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) following radical nephroureterectomy.@*METHODS@#Clinicopathological and prognosis data on 686 patients with UTUC who underwent RNU at Peking University First Hospital between January 2000 and December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative anemia was defined as hemoglobin <130 g/L in men and <120 g/L in women based on the World Health Organization classification. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was applied to estimate the effect of anemia on survival. The associations of clinicopathologic features with overall survival and cancer-specific survival were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.@*RESULTS@#There were 303(44.2%, 303/686) male and 383(55.8%, 383/686) female patients, and the median age was 68 years (interquartile range: 60-74 years). In all, 320 (46.6%, 320/686) patients were anemic before surgery. The median follow-up duration was 47 months. In all, 160 (23.3%) patients died, 141 (20.6%) died of cancer and 19 (2.7%) died of other disease or accidents. Preoperative anemia was associated with gender (P=0.002), age (P<0.001), lymph node positive (P=0.026), increased tumor grade (P=0.018), concomitant carcinoma in situ (P=0.038), tumor necrosis (P=0.007) and poor renal function (P<0.001). In univariate analysis, overall mortality was correlated with pre-operative anemia (P<0.001), gender (P=0.009), hydronephrosis (P=0.024), tumor stage (P<0.001), lymph node positive (P<0.001), tumor grade (P<0.001), tumor architecture(P<0.001), sarcomatoid differentiation (P=0.013), history of ureteroscope (P=0.033) and tumor hemorrhage (P<0.001); cancer-specific mortality was correlated with preoperative anemia (P=0.001), gender (P=0.001), hydronephrosis (P=0.043), tumor stage (P<0.001), lymph node positive (P<0.001), tumor grade (P<0.001), tumor architecture (P<0.001), sarcomatoid differentiation (P=0.016), history of ureteroscope (P=0.028) and tumor hemorrhage (P=0.003). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model indicated that preoperative anemia was an independent prognositic predictor for overall mortality (P<0.001, HR=1.861) and cancer-specific mortality (P=0.003, HR=1.688).@*CONCLUSION@#The preoperative anemia is an independent risk factor for cancer-specific survival and overall survival. Hemoglobin levels should be considered during patient counseling and in decision-making for further therapy.

Factores pronósticos de recurrencia y mortalidad en pacientes con tumor de urotelio superior tratados con cirugía / Prognostic Factors of Recurrence and Mortality in Patients with Upper Urothelial Tumor Treated with Surgery

Objetivos: Identificación de factores pronósticos de recurrencia y mortalidad cáncer-específica en pacientes con tumor de urotelio superior tratados con cirugía. Materiales y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con tumor de urotelio superior operados entre 1999 y 2011 en nuestro centro (139 pacientes). Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicas, diagnósticas y patológicas, así como el tratamiento realizado, complicaciones y evolución. Análisis descriptivo mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado (X2 ) para variables categóricas y el test ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) para variables continuas. Análisis univariante y multivariante mediante modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. La significación estadística se consideró con un valor de p<0,05. Todos los cálculos fueron realizados con el paquete estadístico IBM® SPSS® Statistics v-21. Resultados: En el análisis multivariante se identificaron como factores predictores independientes de recurrencia el crecimiento sólido tumoral (cociente de riesgo [hazard ratio, HR]=4,02; p<0,001) y el alto grado citológico (G3) (HR=3,42; p=0,01). La presencia de tumor vesical previo o concomitante (HR=1,84; p=0,07) presentó una tendencia a la significación. Se identificaron como factores predictores independientes de mortalidad cáncer-específica la presencia de tumor vesical previo o concomitante (HR=2,23; p=0,02), el crecimiento sólido tumoral (HR=2,73; p=0,008), la presencia de hidronefrosis (HR=2,46; p=0,02) y el estadío patológico avanzado pT3-pT4 (HR=2,74; p=0,01). Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, la existencia de tumor vesical previo o sincrónico, el crecimiento tumoral sólido y el alto grado citológico se comportaron como factores pronósticos de recurrencia. La hidronefrosis, el tumor vesical previo o sincrónico, el estadío pT3-4 y el crecimiento tumoral sólido se comportaron como factores pronósticos de mortalidad cáncer-específica. (AU)

Objectives: Identification of prognostic factors for recurrence and cancer-specific mortality in patients with upper urothelial tumor treated with surgery. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with upper urothelial tumor operated between 1999 and 2011 in our center (139 patients). Demographic, clinical, diagnostic and pathological variables were collected, as well as the treatment performed, complications and evolution. Descriptive analysis using the chi-square test (X2 ) for categorical variables and the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test for continuous variables. Univariate and multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model. Statistical significance was considered with a value of p<0.05. All calculations were made with the statistical package IBM® SPSS® Statistics v-21. Results: In the multivariate analysis, solid tumor growth (hazard ratio, HR=4.02, p<0.001) and high cytological grade (G3) (HR=3, were identified as independent predictors of recurrence. 42, p=0.01). The presence of a previous or concomitant bladder tumor (HR=1.84, p= 0.07) presented a tendency towards significance. The presence of a previous or concomitant bladder tumor (HR=2.23, p=0.02), the solid tumor growth (HR=2.73, p=0.008), the presence of hydronephrosis (HR =2.46, p=0.02) and the advanced pathological stage pT3-pT4 (HR=2.74, p=0.01). Conclusions: In our series, the existence of previous or synchronic bladder tumor, solid tumor growth and high cytological grade behaved as prognostic factors of recurrence. Hydronephrosis, previous or synchronous bladder tumor, stage pT3-4 and solid tumor growth behaved as prognostic factors for cancer-specific mortality.(AU)

Diagnostic Ureteroscopy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma is Independently Associated with Intravesical Recurrence after Radical Nephroureterectomy

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the effect of diagnostic ureteroscopy on intravesical recurrence in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 664 patients who were treated with RNU for UTUC from June 2000 to December 2011, excluding those who had concomitant/prior bladder tumors. Of the 664 patients, 81 underwent diagnostic ureteroscopy (URS). We analyzed the impact of diagnostic ureteroscopy on intravesical recurrence (IVR) using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the independent risk factors. Results: The median follow-up time was 48 months (interquartile range (IQR): 31-77 months). Patients who underwent ureteroscopy were more likely to have a small (p<0.01), early-staged (p=0.019), multifocality (p=0.035) and ureteral tumor (p<0.001). IVR occurred in 223 patients during follow-up within a median of 17 months (IQR: 7-33). Patients without preoperative ureteroscopy have a statistically significant better 2-year (79.3%±0.02 versus 71.4%±0.02, p<0.001) and 5-year intravesical recurrence-free survival rates (64.9%±0.05 versus 44.3%±0.06, p<0.001) than patients who underwent ureteroscopy. In multivariate analysis, the diagnostic ureteroscopy (p=0.006), multiple tumors (p=0.001), tumor size <3cm (p=0.008), low-grade (p=0.022) and pN0 stage tumor (p=0.045) were independent predictors of IVR. Conclusions: Diagnostic ureteroscopy is independently associated with intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy.

Should oncological cases of upper urinary system be excluded at the beginning of the laparoscopic learning curve?

ABSTRACTPurpose:The place of oncological cases of upper urinary system in the laparoscopic learning curve was investigated.Materials and Methods:A total of 139 patients from two different centers underwent laparoscopic operations and were included in this retrospective study.Results:Mean operative times for oncological, and non-oncological cases were 101.3 (range 60-450), and 102.7 (45-490) minutes respectively. Fourty-two (31.3 %) patients were oncological cases. In 4 oncological cases, the surgeons switched to open surgery because of massive bleeding and six (14.2 %) oncological cases required blood transfusions during peri/postoperative periods. Pulmonary embolism was observed in one oncological case. In one non-oncological case, the surgeon switched to open surgery because of intestinal perforation and 10 (9.7 %) non-oncological cases needed blood transfusions during peri/postoperative periods. In addition, some complications such as intestinal perforation (n=1), mechanical ileus (n=1), and pulmonary embolism (n=1) were observed during postoperative period. Intestinal perforation was repaired using laparoscopic (n=1) method. Mechanical ileus was approached with open surgical technique. Mean hospital stay of the patients in the oncological and non-oncological series were 4.5 (3-23) and 4.5 (3-30) days respectively.Conclusion:We think that renal oncological cases should be included in the spectrum of laparoscopic indications even at the beginning of the learning curve. Certainly, we still share the opinion that cancer cases which require highly challenging surgeries like radical cystectomy, and prostatectomy should be postponed till to gaining of higher level of experience.

Current status of flexible ureteroscopy in urology

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is being performed for the surgical management of upper urinary tract pathology. With the development of surgical instruments with improved deflection mechanisms, visuality, and durability, the role of RIRS has expanded to the treatment of urinary calculi located in the upper urinary tract, which compensates for the shortcomings of shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. RIRS can be considered a conservative treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) or for postoperative surveillance after radical treatment of UTUC under an intensive surveillance program. RIRS has a steep learning curve and various surgical techniques can be used. The choice of instruments during RIRS should be based on increased surgical efficiency, decreased complications, and improved cost-benefit ratio.

New head-mounted display system applied to endoscopic management of upper urinary tract carcinomas

Purpose We tested a new head-mounted display (HMD) system for surgery on the upper urinary tract. Surgical Technique Four women and one man with abnormal findings in the renal pelvis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging underwent surgery using this new system. A high definition HMD (Sony, Tokyo, Japan) is connected to a flexible ureteroscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) and the images from the ureteroscope are delivered simultaneously to various participants wearing HMDs. Furthermore, various information in addition to that available through the endoscope, such as the narrow band image, the fluoroscope, input from a video camera mounted on the lead surgeon’s HMD and the vital monitors can be viewed on each HMD. Results Median operative duration and anesthesia time were 53 and 111 minutes, respectively. The ureteroscopic procedures were successfully performed in all cases. There were no notable negative outcomes or incidents (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥1). Conclusion The HMD system offers simultaneous, high-quality magnified imagery in front of the eyes, regardless of head position, to those participating in the endoscopic procedures. This affordable display system also provides various forms of information related to examinations and operations while allowing direct vision and navigated vision. .

Radical nephroureterectomy for pathologic T4 upper tract urothelial cancer: can oncologic outcomes be improved with multimodality therapy?

Purpose To report the outcomes of patients with pathologic T4 UTUC and investigate the potential impact of peri-operative chemotherapy combined with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and regional lymph node dissection (LND) on oncologic outcomes. Materials and Methods Patients with pathologic T4 UTUC were identified from the cohort of 1464 patients treated with RNU at 13 academic centers between 1987 and 2007. Oncologic outcomes were stratified according to utilization of perioperative systemic chemotherapy and regional LND as an adjunct to RNU. Results The study included 69 patients, 42 males (61%) with median age 73 (range 43-98). Median follow-up was 17 months (range: 6-88). Lymphovascular invasion was found in 47 (68%) and regional lymph node metastases were found in 31 (45%). Peri-operative chemotherapy was utilized in 29 (42%) patients. Patients treated with peri-operative chemotherapy and RNU with LND demonstrated superior oncologic outcomes compared to those not treated by chemotherapy and/or LND during RNU (3Y-DFS: 35% vs. 10%; P = 0.02 and 3Y-CSS: 28% vs. 14%; P = 0.08). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, administration of peri-operative chemotherapy and utilization of LND during RNU was associated with lower probability of recurrence (HR: 0.4, P = 0.01), and cancer specific mortality (HR: 0.5, P = 0.06). Conclusions Pathological T4 UTUC is associated with poor prognosis. Peri-operative chemotherapy combined with aggressive surgery, including lymph node dissection, may improve oncological outcomes. Our findings support the use of aggressive multimodal treatment in patients with advanced UTUC. .

Mitomycin C instillation following ureterorenoscopic laser ablation of upper urinary tract carcinoma

Instillation of Mitomycin C [MMC] should prevent implantation of cancer cells released during endoscopic treatment and prevent recurrences as seen in carcinoma of the bladder. To develop and evaluate a protocol for a single dose MMC instillation following Holmium: YAG laser ablation of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma [UUT-TCC]. A single institute prospective study. MMC instillations protocol was designed and offered to patients between August 2005 and April 2011. Following tumor ablation, MMC was instilled into upper urinary tract [UUT] over 40 minutes. All the patients were regularly followed up. Twenty UUT units [19 patients] were managed for UUT-TCCs using our MMC protocol. Two UUT units had G1pTa tumors, 14 had G2pTa, 2 had G3pTa, and 2 had G3pT1. At a mean follow-up of 24 months [range 1-72 months], 13/20 [65%] of the UUT units remained cancer-free, 3 [15%] UUT units developed stricture and were treated with endoscopic dilatation, only 1 [5%] of these developed long-term complications. None of the patients developed postoperative renal impairment or systemic side-effects. Using a set standard protocol, MMC can safely be instilled into the UUT after TCC ablation with minimal complications or side effects, good preservation of renal function, and with a low recurrences rate comparable to the literature.

Cistectomia radical videolaparoscópica com neobexiga ileal ortotópica: experiência inicial / Laparoscopy radical cystectomy with ileal orthotopic blad - der: A preliminary experience

Apesar de ser o padrão-ouro no tratamento dos tumores invasivos de bexiga, a cistoprostatectomia ainda apresenta significativo impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. As abordagens minimamente invasivas têm ganhado cada vez mais espaço no tratamento das neoplasias urológicas. Ainda são poucas as séries na literatura sobre o acesso videolaparoscópico para confecção de neobexiga ortotópica após a cistoprostatectomia radical. Relata-se um caso de câncer invasor de bexiga tratado de forma laparoscópica com ótimo resultado. As vantagens do acesso laparoscópico, assim como alguns detalhes técnicos, são discutidas.

Although it is not considered a gold standard in treating invasive bladder tumors, cystoprostatectomy still has significant impacts on patients? life quality. The minimally invasive approaches have gained importance in the treatment of bladder neoplasia. There are sill few reports on the use of laparoscopy for providing orthotopic bladder upon radical cystoprostatectomy. This is a case report of invasive bladder cancer that was treated with laparoscopy and yielded optimal result. The advantages of laparoscopy and some technical details are herein discussed.

Braquiterapia en urología pediátrica: ¿una mejor alternativa con menos secuelas? / Brachytherapy in pediatric urology: a better alternative with les sequels?

El rabdomiosarcoma (RMS) representa el 3° tumor sólido extracraneal pediátrico. El uso de braquiterapia nos ha dado una nueva herramienta en el tratamiento de esta patología. En este trabajo queremos reportar la experiencia del uso de cirugía más conservadora asociada a braquiterapia en pacientes con RMS urológicos. Método: Revisión de todos los casos del año 2004-2011 de RMS urológicos manejados con braquiterapia postoperatoria y/o intraoperatoria, asociado a quimioterapia (QMT) preoperatoria. Resultados: En los 8 años de estudio hubo 6 RMS; se incluyen 5pacientes dado que uno fue RMS testicular que no requirió radioterapia. Caso 1: Masculino de 2 años RMS embrionario Grupo IV Estadio 4 de próstata, con QMT según protocolo y braquiterapia en la semana 24 de QMT. Lleva 76 meses libre de enfermedad. Caso 2: Masculino de 5 años, RMS embrionario Grupo lll Estadio 2 en vejiga, con QMT preoperatoria (12 semanas), cirugía con resección de tumor en cara anterior de vejiga y braquiterapia; completó esquema QMT. Lleva 30 meses libre de enfermedad, sin alteraciones miccionales. Caso 3: Masculino de 7 años, RMS embrionario Grupo lll Estadio 3 de próstata, con QMT según protocolo y braquiterapia en la semana 22 de QMT. Lleva 17meses libre de enfermedad, función vesical e intestinal normal. Caso 4: Femenino de 4 años, RMSbotroide Grupo lll Estadio 1 de vagina, con quimioterapia preoperatoria (12 semanas), cirugia y braquiterapia postquirúrgica, completó esquema de QMT. Lleva 4 meses libre de enfermedad, sin alteración miccional ni intestinal. Caso 5: Femenino de 2 años, RMS embrionario Grupo lll Estadio 3de psoas con compromiso de vejiga, con cirugía, QMT según protocolo y radioterapia externa; pre-sentó recidiva local, por lo que inicia QMT, cirugía resectiva del tumor en cara posterior de vejiga y uréter derecho + radioterapia intraoperatoria con cono. Lleva 2 meses libre de enfermedad. Sin alteración miccional ni intestinal...

The rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents the 3m’ extracraneal solid tumor in children. Brachytherapy use has given a new tool in this disease treatment. In this investigation we want to report the experience of conservative surgery associated to brachytherapy in patients with urological RMS. Method: Retrospective review of all the urological RMS cases between the years 2004-2011managed with postoperative and or intraoperative brachytherapy, associated to preoperative chemotherapy ( CM T). Results: ln a 8 year period there were 6 RMS; 5 are included because one case was a testicular RMS that did not required radiotherapy. Case 1: Two years old male children, prostatic group l V stage 4 embryonal RMS, with CMT according to protocol and brachytherapy in the 24”’ week of CMT Has been 76 months free of disease. Case 2: Five years old boy, bladder group lll stage 2embryonal RMS, with preoperative CMT (12 weeks), surgery including resection of tumor in the bladder anterior wall and brachytherapy,‘ Completed CMT protocol. Has been 30 months free of disease, without voiding disorders. Case 3: Seven years old boy, prostatic group lll stage 3 embryonal RMS, with CMT according to protocol and brachytherapy in 22'“ CMT week. Has been 17 months free of disease, normal bladder and intestinal function. Case 4: Four years old girl, vagina group lll stage 1botyroid RMS, with preoperative CMT (12 weeks), resective surgery and post-operative brachytherapy, completed CMT according to protocol. Has been 4 months free of disease, without voiding or intestinal disorders. Case 5: Two years old girl, psoas compromising bladder group llI stage 3 embryonal RMS, with surgery, CMT according to protocol and external radiotherapy. Presented local recurrence reason why initiates new CMT protocol, resective posterior wall bladder and right ureter surgery intraoperative radiotherapy cone. Has been 2 months free of disease. Without voiding or intestinal...

Nonbilharzial squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma with squamous differentiation of the lower and upper urinary tract

Urinary tract squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma with squamous differentiation are rare entities. To characterize tumour biology, prognosis, and therapy, we reviewed our data with squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] and transitional cell carcinoma [TCC/SCC]. We performed a retrospective single-center analysis of 53 patients with SCC and TCC/SCC treated at our urology department from 30.05.1989 to 30.09.2004. SCC was found in 2% [42/1573] of bladder carcinoma and 7% [11/130] of renal pelvis specimen. Stage pT3 was present in 55% of our patients, indicating a tendency to deep muscular invasion. Nodal and distant metastases appeared in 26%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 26% [tumor specific 46%], with a median survival of 10.5 months. We found that three of four patients with pT2N0 bladder carcinoma could be cured by cystectomy. Lymphnode status was identified as a significant prognostic parameter. For renal pelvis carcinoma, median survival was 7.35 months, with an overall 5-year-survival of 30%. Adjuvant therapy modalities were only performed in a minority of cases, although a therapeutic response was often noticed. SCC is characterized by poor prognosis and individual tumor biology. Survival is related to local tumor extension, indicating the necessity of an early radical surgery. To adequately discuss the role of adjuvant therapy on SCC and TCC/SCC further trials are needed

Cistectomía parcial laparoscópica en cáncer de uraco / Partial cystectomy for urachus carcinoma

Introducción: Las opciones quirúrgicas para tratar el adenocarcinoma de uraco incluyen la cistectomía radical y la cistectomía parcial en bloque con escisión del uraco y el ombligo. Actualmente la laparoscopía es utilizada para resolver patología vesical y de uraco. El objetivo es presentar la cistectomía parcial laparoscópica con resección en bloque de uraco y ombligo como una alternativa terapéutica oncológicamente segura y mínimamente invasiva en el tratamiento del carcinoma de uraco. Material y método: presentamos una serie de casos de tres pacientes portadoras de adenocarcinomas del uraco sometidas a cistectomía parcial laparoscopia con escisión en bloque de uraco y ombligo. Las variables analizadas fueron el tiempo quirúrgico, el sangrado estimado del intraoperatorio, las complicaciones perioperatorias, la histología del tumor y la presencia de compromiso muscular de éste, el status oncológico de los linfonodos, los días de hospitalización, el tiempo de seguimiento y el estado oncológico actual. Resultados: El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 210 minutos. El sangrado estimado promedio fue de 133 ml. No hubo complicaciones quirúrgicas. Los tres tumores correspondieron a adenocarcinomas pobremente diferenciados y el tercero a adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado. Todos se catalogaron como invasores. Los márgenes quirúrgicos fueron negativos. Actualmente las tres pacientes se encuentran sin evidencias de enfermedad con períodos de seguimiento de 12, 18 y 38 meses.Conclusiones: La cistectomía parcial con resección en bloque del uraco y el ombligo con linfadenectomía pélvica extendida por vía laparoscópica representa una alternativa mínimamente invasiva y segura en la resolución de los tumores de uraco.

Introduction: Surgical options for urachal adenocarcinoma treatment include radical cystectomy and partial cystectomy with en bloc resection of the umbilicus, urachus, and bladder dome. Laparoscopy is used in resolving bladder and urachal pathologies. The objective of this case series report is to present laparoscopic partial cystectomy with en bloc resection of the urachus and umbilicus as a safe and minimally invasive option in treatment of urachal adenocarcinoma. Materials and methods: we present a case series of tree patients diagnosed of urachal adenocarcinoma, treated with laparoscopic partial cystectomy with en bloc resection of urachus and the umbilicus. Analyzed variables were surgical time, estimated bleeding during surgery, surgical complications, tumor histology and muscular involvement, oncological status of lymph nodes resected, hospitalization days, follow up time, and current oncological status. Results: Surgical average time was 210 minutes. Mean estimated bleeding was 133 ml. There was no surgical complications. Two tumors were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and the third one a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. All were cataloged as muscle invasive ones. Surgical margins were negative. Currently, all patients are without evidence of disease with follow up periods of 12, 18 and 38 months. Conclusions: Laparoscopic partial cystectomy with en bloc resection of the urachus and umbilicus and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy represents a safe and minimally invasive option in treatment of urachus tumors.

Manejo percutáneo de tumores de células transicionales de la pelvis renal: serie de casos y revisión de la literatura / Percutaneous treatment of renal pelvis transitional cell tumors: case series and review of the literature

Introducción: El carcinoma de células transicionales de la vía urinaria superior es una condición poco frecuente. Poseen un alto porcentaje de recidivas y las alternativas terapéuticas son numerosas. El gold standard terapéutico es la nefroureterectomía radical. Ésta se asocia a una mayor incidencia de insuficiencia renal y muerte por condiciones relacionadas a ésta. Actualmente se encuentran en desarrollo varias terapias con preservación renal, técnicas mínimamente invasivas entre las cuales las principales son la resección por vía percutánea y la resección endoscópica por ureter o nefros copia. Material y método: presentamos una serie de casos de cuatro pacientes portadores de CCT-VUS sometidos a tratamiento percutáneo. Resultados: el tamaño tumoral promedio fue de 14,5 mm (8–20 mm), tres de ellos presentaron lesiones no invasoras y uno de ellos una lesión invasora. No hubo mayores complicaciones, el sangrado promedio fue de 225 cc, ningún paciente requirió de transfusiones de hemoderivados y la estadía hospitalaria de 3,75 días en promedio. Sólo uno de los paciente requirió de tratamiento complementario (tumor invasor), siendo sometido a una nefroureterectomía radical laparoscópica. Actualmente todos los pacientes se encuentran en remisión completa con un tiempo de seguimiento promedio de 50,25 meses (34-61). Conclusiones: el tratamiento percutaneo de los CCT-VUS es una alternativa válida, asociada a una baja taza de complicaciones y segura desde el punto de vista oncológico.

Introduction: Transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is an uncommon disease. They have a high percentage of recurrences and the therapeutic approaches are numerous. The treatment gold standard is radical nephrouretherectomy. This is associated with a higher incidence of chronic renal failure y dead from associated conditions. Actually, various nephron sparring therapies are in development. The main techniques are the percutaneous resection and the ureteroscopic resection. Matherials and methods: we present a case series of four patients diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract treated by a percutaneous approach. Results: mean tumor size was 14.5 mm (8–20 mm), three of them had superficial tumors and one of them invasive ones. There was no mayor complications, average bleeding was 225 cc, no patient needed blood transfusions and mean hospitalization time was 3.75 days. Only one patient required complementary treatment (patient with invasive tumor), being treated with laparoscopic radical nephrouretherectomy. Actually all patients are at complete response to treatment, with an average follow up time of 50.25 months (34-61).Conclusions: percutaneous approach for transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is a valid treatment option, associated with a low complications rate and safe form an oncological view. Key words: transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract, percutaneous surgery, chronic renal failure.

Pattern of management of urologic cancer in Saudi Arabia

To compare the current uro-oncologic practice pattern in Saudi Arabia with the standard of care practice and to identify obstacles in our health care system that prevent offering such a treatment. We surveyed 247 practicing urologists in Saudi Arabia using a designed questionnaire. This questionnaire contains 19 questions focusing on management of bladder and renal cancers. Of the 247 contacted urologists, 86 completed the questionnaire. Seventy six percent see more than 10 bladder cancer cases/year and 83% used rigid cystoscope for diagnosis under general anesthesia. Eighty two percent perform over 10 bladder tumor resections/year; however, 90% of them perform less than five cystectomies/year, if any. Seventy nine percent had intravesical therapy available at their hospitals and majority of them use it after resection in selected patients. Fifty percent preferred re-resection within 2-4 weeks for T1 and/or G3 tumors and majority of them [86%] perform cystectomy for muscle invasive disease and ninety six percent perform ileal conduit. Thirty four percent see over 10 renal cancers/year. Forty nine percent perform radical nephrectomy for less than 4 cm renal masses and for more than 4 cm, only 9% do laparoscopic nephrectomy while the majority preferred open technique although 77% of the hospitals participated in this survey have a urologist capable of doing laparoscopy. A significant number of urologists in Saudi Arabia do not apply some of the well-accepted standard practices in urologic cancer. To improve this, we need to work on our referral system and establish education and training programs to make the urologist familiar with the new modalities of treatment

Paniculitis mesentérica: ¿predictor de una neoplasia? / Mesenteric panniculitis: predictor of a neoplasm

Introduction: Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare disorder characterized by chronic, non-specific inflammation involving the adipose tissue of the bowel mesentery of unknown aetiology. It has been associated with different processes, including digestive and urothelial malignancies. Case report: A 44-years-old man carne to the Emergency Department complaining of mesogastric pain for the last 24 hours. CT sean showed an increased density of the mesenteric adipoid tissue. Mesenteric paniculitis was diagnosed and antibiotic treatment was instaured. The patient recovered uneventfully. Two months later the patient was diagnosed of an infiltrating urothelial carcinoma. Conclusions: Mesenteric panniculitis may be associated with malignancies and other pathologies. It is advisable to perform tests to dismiss the coexistence of these disorders. In those cases, in which associated diseases could not be demonstrated, a frequent follow-up would be advisable to achieve an early diagnosis if these appear.

Introducción: La paniculitis mesentérica es un trastorno poco frecuente caracterizado por inflamación crónica inespecífica del tejido adiposo del mesenterio intestinal de etiología desconocida. Se ha relacionado con diversas patologías, entre ellas neoplasias digestivas y uroteliales. Caso clínico: Varón de 44 años que acude a Urgencias por un dolor mesogástrico de 24 horas de evolución. En la TC abdominal se objetivó un aumento de densidad de la grasa de la raíz del mesenterio. Se diagnosticó de paniculitis mesentérica y se trató mediante antibioterapia. A los 2 meses el paciente es diagnosticado de un carcinoma urotelial infiltrante. Discusión: La paniculitis mesentérica puede estar relacionada con neoplasias y otras patologías. Es conveniente realizar pruebas para descartar la coexistencia de alguna de las enfermedades asociadas. En aquellos casos en los que no se demuestre, sería recomendable un seguimiento periódico.